Pumps are involved in many industries and serve the following areas:
Water networks, irrigation, and sewage systems.
Transporting petroleum from production sites to refineries.
Transferring petrochemical materials within refineries between different units.
Moving water for cooling systems and steam production systems.
Transporting chemicals required for treatment in precise and calculated amounts.
Generating very high pressures for water to be used in cleaning processes of heat exchanger pipes.
Construction and building for pumping concrete and other materials used in construction.
Mining for pumping water from mines and transporting raw materials.
Pharmaceutical industries.
Food industries.
And many other industries. Types of Pumps:
They are divided into two main types:
Used to transport fluids by thrust generated by the rotation of the impellers.
Axial Pumps: Contain a fan that pushes the fluid in the axial direction.
Jet Pumps: Use high-pressure liquids or gases to transport fluids.
Reciprocating Pumps: Use a back-and-forth motion to move the fluid.
Rotary Pumps: Use a rotating element to transport the fluid.
Screw Pumps: Use a screw to push fluids.
The fundamental difference between the two types is that the first
type can provide different flow rates from zero to a specific maximum
limit while rotating at a constant speed, by using a valve on the discharge pipe.
In contrast, positive pumps provide a constant discharge if they rotate
at a constant speed. Therefore, placing a valve on the discharge pipe
of a positive pump is pointless and, if closed completely by mistake,
can lead to the burning of the motor or breaking of a part in the pipes.
Understanding this difference is important as dynamic displacement
pumps can start rotating with the discharge line completely closed
and then gradually open it, whereas positive pumps must start with the discharge line open.
Additionally, there are:
Submersible Pumps: Designed to operate underwater.
Thermal Pumps: Use heat to transport fluids. Uses of Each Type:
Dynamic Displacement Pumps
These pumps rely on dynamic force to increase the speed of the fluid,
and then convert this speed into pressure. They are used in:
Transporting fluids over long distances or to high elevations:
such as pumping water in municipal water systems.
Applications requiring variable flow rates: as in cooling and heating systems.
Transporting low viscosity fluids: like oil and water.
Use in power generation plants: for pumping cooling water.
Chemical and petroleum industries: for transporting chemical
and petroleum materials.
Positive Displacement Pumps
These pumps work by trapping a specified amount of fluid and
forcing it out of the pump. They are used in:
Handling viscous fluids: like heavy oils or food materials like syrup.
Applications requiring high pressure with a constant flow rate:
as in hydraulic equipment.
Transporting shear-sensitive fluids: like paint and pharmaceutical
industries, where exposure to high forces must be avoided.
Applications requiring precise flow rate control: such as dosing
in chemical or pharmaceutical industries.
Applications where the fluid contains solid particles:
as in transporting sludge or pastes. Centrifugal Pump
The main parts are:
The casing, impeller, shaft, bearing, stuffing, stuffing gland,
impeller wear ring, suction, and discharge openings.
A centrifugal pump can provide different flow rates between
zero and a predetermined maximum limit,
and the manufacturer provides performance curves.
The pump can be single-stage or multi-stage,
where each stage provides a specific pressure.
Types of Centrifugal Pumps:
Based on suction.
Based on the type of casing.
Based on the position of the drive shaft.
Based on the number of stages.
In the next article, we will cover all of these in detail.
