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Indirect Water Heaters
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Indirect water heaters are a more efficient choice for most homes, even though they require a storage tank. An indirect water heater uses the main furnace or boiler to heat a fluid that’s circulated through a heat exchanger in the storage tank. An indirect water heater, if used with a high-efficiency boiler and well-insulated tank, can be the least expensive means of providing hot water, particularly if the heat source boiler is set to “cold start.”
Indirect water heaters are a more efficient choice for most homes, even though they require a storage tank. An indirect water heater uses the main furnace or boiler to heat a fluid that’s circulated through a heat exchanger in the storage tank. The energy stored by the water tank allows the furnace to turn off and on less often, which saves energy. An indirect water heater, if used with a high-efficiency boiler and well-insulated tank, can be the least expensive means of providing hot water, particularly if the heat source boiler is set to “cold start.”
Indirect systems can be fired by gas, oil, propane, electric, solar energy, or a combination of any of these.
Tankless Coil Water Heaters
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A tankless coil water heater provides hot water on demand without a tank. When a hot water faucet is turned on, water is heated as it flows through a heating coil or heat exchanger installed in a main furnace or boiler. Tankless coil water heaters are most efficient during cold months when the heating system is used regularly but can be an inefficient choice for many homes, especially for those in warmer climates. Tankless systems are typically electric, oil, or gas-fired. These water heating systems work with forced air systems and hydronic or radiant floor heating systems.
Selecting a Combination Water and Space Heating System
Integrated or combination water and space heating systems usually cost more than a separate water heater and furnace or boiler, but installation and maintenance costs may be less. For example, you won’t need multiple utility hook-ups since there’s one source of heat. There also aren’t as many moving parts to maintain or service. Some of these high efficiency systems may provide lower utility costs.
Most combination water and space heating systems are usually designed for new construction. However, there are some retrofit units available that can work with an existing water heater.
When selecting a system, you need to consider its size. The sizing of a combination system involves some different calculations than those used for sizing a separate water heating or space heating system. It’s best left to a qualified plumbing and heating contractor.
To determine the energy efficiency of a combination water and space heating system, use its combined appliance efficiency rating (CAE). The higher the number, the more energy efficient. Combination appliance efficiency ratings vary from 0.59 to 0.90.
Installing and Maintaining the System
Proper installation and maintenance of a combination water and space heating system can optimize its energy efficiency.
Proper installation of your system depends on many factors. These factors include fuel type, climate, local building code requirements, and safety issues. Therefore, it’s best to have a qualified plumbing and heating contractor handle the installation. Be sure to do the following when selecting a contractor:
- Request cost estimates in writing
- Ask for references
- Check the company with your local Better Business Bureau
- See if the company will obtain a local permit if necessary and understands local building codes, etc.
Periodic maintenance of your system can significantly extend your water heater’s life and minimize loss of efficiency. Consult your installer and read your owner’s manual for specific maintenance recommendations.
